18 Essential Linking Words to Ace the TOEFL Writing Section
Master these key connectors to improve your essay structure, demonstrate language skills, and boost your TOEFL writing score.
Why Linking Words Matter in TOEFL Writing
Using linking words effectively can significantly improve your score on the writing section of the TOEFL test. Not only does it allow you to use a variety of sentence structures, it also helps you demonstrate consistent language skills and explain your ideas well.
But do you need to learn a lot of connectors? Not really. In fact, for both the Integrated Essay and the Writing for an Academic Discussion task, you only need a limited number of connectors for a high score.
What's more, if you use too many linking words or use ones that are too formal (such as "nevertheless," "furthermore," "to exemplify"), you could lose points because it won't sound natural.
So my first tip: Only use the linking words you are 100% sure of. If you don't think you can use that linking word in a natural and effective way, it's better to avoid it.
Let's explore the 18 essential linking words you really need to ace the writing section of the TOEFL test.
What Are Linking Words?
Linking words (also called connectors or transition words) are words or phrases that act as bridges between sentences or paragraphs. Examples include "and," "but," "so," "unless," "even if," and so on. They help connect ideas smoothly and make your writing easier to understand.
As mentioned earlier, you don't have to force linking words into your sentences. However, when used correctly, they can significantly enhance the clarity and flow of your writing.
The 18 Essential Linking Words for TOEFL Writing
1. However
Meaning: Even so; on the other hand
Usage: Used to introduce a complication, contrast, or contradiction. You can start a sentence with "however" or use it to create compound sentences by connecting two contrasting ideas.
Examples:
- He studied hard; however, he failed the exam.
- The movie got rave reviews; however, I found it disappointing.
- However, it's important to recognize the challenges associated with integrating technology into education.
- The lecturer, however, disagrees and says that intelligence has nothing to do with star navigation.
2-3. For Example / For Instance
Meaning: Used to give examples
Usage: You can start a sentence with "for example" or "for instance," or use them in the middle of a sentence. Avoid more formal alternatives like "to exemplify" or "to illustrate" as they might be too formal for TOEFL writing.
Examples:
- Many countries have begun to address the problem of pollution. For example, Singapore has implemented strict regulations and promoted public transportation.
- Many countries have introduced strict regulations to reduce air pollution. For instance, China has imposed limits on industrial emissions and promoted the use of electric vehicles.
4-5. Like / Such As
Meaning: Used to give examples
Usage: These linking words are used within sentences to introduce examples.
Examples:
- Through platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, people can keep in touch with friends and family, share updates about their lives, and engage in meaningful conversations.
- Most of these materials, such as building materials, sand, stones, and even construction tools, are not what you would expect from ceremonies.
6-7. Moreover / In Addition
Meaning: Used to add information that supports what you've already said
Usage: These linking words are used to add new points or additional information to your argument.
Examples:
- Online courses and educational platforms give students from all backgrounds access to high-quality learning materials and instruction. In addition, digital resources such as ebooks, educational applications, and online tutorials provide supplemental support for students, allowing them to deepen their understanding of complex concepts at their own pace.
- Technology has transformed the classroom environment, making learning more interactive and engaging. Moreover, technology has empowered educators to personalize learning experiences to meet the needs of individual students.
8-9. As a Result / Therefore
Meaning: Used to show the result or consequence of something
Usage: These linking words are versatile and can be used in a variety of contexts to show causality or logical consequence.
Examples:
- The company implemented cost-cutting measures, and as a result, several employees were laid off.
- Learning to do household chores prepares young people for their future lives as adults. Therefore, those who were taught to do housework as children will find it easier to transition to independent life when they start living on their own.
10-12. Although / While / Even Though
Meaning: Used to introduce contrasting information
Usage: These subordinate conjunctions allow you to create complex sentences that are helpful in the writing section, especially when you need to say a lot in a short and concise way. "While" is particularly versatile and easy to use in both writing and speaking.
Examples:
- While the reading argues that humpback whales navigate by the stars, the lecturer finds this theory unconvincing.
- The reading argues that humpback whales navigate by the stars, while the lecturer finds this theory unconvincing.
- Even though she was exhausted, she stayed up late to finish her project.
- Although he had prepared well for the presentation, he felt nervous when he got up in front of the audience.
- Although some argue that young people should live with their families as long as possible, I believe that it's more beneficial for them to live independently.
13-14. In Contrast / On the Other Hand
Meaning: Used to introduce contrasting or opposing ideas
Usage: These linking words are particularly useful in the Integrated Essay where you have to contrast the lecture with the text.
Examples:
- On the other hand, the lecturer states that the evidence does not support this theory.
- In contrast, the lecturer's position is that environmental factors play a more significant role than genetic ones.
15-18. But / So / Also / And
Meaning: Basic connectors for contrast, result, addition, and continuation
Usage: Though these linking words might seem too basic, they are actually the most important ones. Don't forget to use them in your essays.
Examples:
- She wanted to travel, but she couldn't afford the plane tickets, so she was forced to stay at home.
- The university offers a wide range of courses, and students can also participate in extracurricular activities.
Practical Application: Using Linking Words in TOEFL Essays
Sample Paragraph with Linking Words
"In today's fast-paced society, technological advances have revolutionized various aspects of human life, increasing convenience and connectivity. Smartphones, for example, have become ubiquitous tools for communication and access to information. However, while these innovations offer numerous benefits, they also present challenges that society must address. Moreover, the rapid pace of technological change can leave some individuals feeling overwhelmed. Therefore, it is essential to develop strategies to help people adapt to these changes and mitigate potential negative effects."
Notice how the linking words (highlighted) help to create a smooth flow between ideas, making the paragraph more coherent and easier to follow.
Tips for Using Linking Words Effectively
Use linking words naturally
Don't force linking words into your writing just to use them. They should flow naturally with your ideas.
Vary your linking words
Try not to use the same linking word repeatedly. Instead, use a variety of connectors to demonstrate your language skills.
Pay attention to punctuation
Different linking words require different punctuation. For example, when "however" is used at the beginning of a sentence, it's followed by a comma.
Practice using linking words in context
The best way to master linking words is to practice using them in your writing. Try creating sample sentences or paragraphs using different linking words.
Final Thoughts
Mastering these 18 essential linking words will significantly improve your TOEFL writing score. Remember, it's not about using as many linking words as possible, but about using them correctly and naturally to enhance the flow and coherence of your writing.
Remember, only use the linking words you are 100% sure of. If you don't think you can use a linking word in a natural and effective way, it's better to avoid it.
Practice using these linking words in your writing, and you'll be well on your way to acing the TOEFL writing section!
Related Articles
Ready to Master TOEFL Writing?
Join our comprehensive TOEFL preparation course and get access to expert guidance, practice materials, and personalized feedback to help you achieve your target score.